Clay Tempered Differentially Hardened Katana
The differentially hardened blade was a part of the katana's ability to hold a very sharp edge while maintaining blade flexibility. The sword smith packs the spine of the blade with a special clay during tempering. It acts as an insulation allowing the spine to cool slower then the edge. The result is flexibility in the spine and a hardened edge. This part of the process also creates the sori (curve). The different temperatures while cooling cause the straight blade to naturally bow before reaching the blade finishers who will apply a fine polish, creating a razor sharp edge.
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A clay tempered katana also known as a differential tempered katana is a sword that has undergone a specific heat treatment process in which the blade is coated with a mixture of clay and other materials. The clay is applied in varying thicknesses to different sections of the blade, with the thicker clay applied to the spine and thinner clay applied to the edge. This creates a temperature differential during the quenching process, which results in a harder edge and a more flexible spine.
The purpose of clay tempering is to create a blade that is both strong and sharp. The process creates a hard, sharp edge that can cut through tough materials, while the softer spine allows the blade to absorb shock and flex without breaking. The result is a sword that is durable, resilient, and has a distinctive appearance. The clay mixture used in the tempering process also creates a unique pattern on the blade called the hamon.
Clay tempered steel is generally considered to be stronger than non-tempered steel. The process of differential tempering creates a blade that is both hard and flexible, which enhances its overall strength and durability. However, the strength of the steel also depends on the quality of the materials used and the skill of the craftsman who forges the sword. It's worth noting that while clay tempering can enhance the strength of a katana in the hands of a trained martial artist, it's not a guarantee that the sword will be indestructible. Untrained practitioners may opt to start with “through tempered” katana to perfect their cutting technique because of it's durability.
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